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Rabu, 22 Januari 2014

Imbalanced Nutrition and Knowledge Deficit related to Bladder Cancer

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Imbalanced Nutrition and Knowledge Deficit related to Bladder Cancer

Neoplasm is an abnormal collection of cells formed by cells that grow continuously on a limited basis, is not coordinated with the surrounding tissue and are not useful for the body.

Cancer is a general term used to describe cellular growth disorder and is a group of diseases and not just a single disease.

Cancer is a general term that includes any malignant growth in any part of the body. This growth was not intended, parasitic and developing at the expense of a man who became the host.

Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that is found in the bladder (nurse87, 2009)

Symptoms can include:
  • Hematuria (blood in the urine).
  • Burning or pain when urinating.
  • Urge to urinate.
  • Frequent urination, especially at night and on the next phase of difficult urination.
  • Body felt hot and weak.
  • Low back pain due to nerve compression.
  • Pain on one side because hydronefrosis.

1. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
related to:
  • hyper-metabolic-related cancer, the consequences of chemotherapy, radiation, surgery (anorexia, gastric irritation, lack of sense of taste, nausea), emotional distress, fatigue, inability to control pain

characterized by:
  • inadequate intake,
  • loss of sense of taste,
  • loss of appetite,
  • weight down to 20% or more below the ideal,
  • decreased muscle mass and subcutaneous fat,
  • constipation,
  • abdominal cramping.
Goal:
  • Showed a stable weight, normal laboratory results and no sign of malnutrition.
  • Stated understanding of the need for adequate intake.
  • Participate in the management of diet-related illness.
Interventions :
  • Monitor food intake every day, whether eating in accordance with the needs of the client.
  • Measure weight, triceps size and observed weight loss.
  • Assess pale, slow wound healing and parotid gland enlargement.
  • Encourage clients to consume high-calorie foods with adequate fluid intake. Instruct too little food to clients.
  • Control of environmental factors such as foul odors or noise. Avoid foods that are too sweet, fatty and spicy.
  • Create a pleasant dining atmosphere for example, a meal with friends or family.
  • Encourage relaxation techniques, visualization, moderate exercise before eating.
  • Encourage open communication about anorexia problems experienced by clients.

Collaboration:
  • Observe laboratory studies such as total lymphocytes, serum transferrin and albumin.
  • Give treatment as indicated.
  • Attach a nasogastric tube for enteral feeding, balanced with infusion.

Rational:
  • Provide information about nutritional status.
  • Provides information about the addition and weight loss.
  • Showed very poor nutritional state.
  • Calories are energy sources.
  • Prevent nausea and vomiting, excessive distension, dyspepsia which causes a decrease in appetite and reduce harmful stimulus which can increase anxiety.
  • In order for the client to feel like being at home alone.
  • To induce a feeling of wanting to eat / arouse appetite.
  • In order to overcome together (with a dietitian, nurse and client).
  • To determine / establish the occurrence of nutritional deficiencies as a result of the course of disease, treatment and care of the client.
  • Facilitate the intake of food and beverages with maximum results and right as needed.


2. Knowledge Deficit about the disease, prognosis and treatment
related to:
  • lack of information,
  • misinterpretation,
  • cognitive limitations.

characterized by:
  • often asked,
  • stating the problem,
  • statement misconceptions, is not accurate in mengikiuti instruction / prevention of complications.

Goal:
  • Can accurately say about diagnosis and treatment at the level of proximity ready.
  • Following the procedure well and explain the reasons to follow those procedures.
  • Having the initiative of changing lifestyles and participate in treatment.
  • In cooperation with the furnisher.
Interventions:
  • Review understanding of the client and family about the diagnosis, treatment and consequences.
  • Determine the client's perception about cancer and its treatment, tell the client about the experience of other clients who have cancer.
  • Give accurate and factual information. Answer the questions specifically, avoid unnecessary information.
  • Provide guidance to client / family before following the treatment procedure, the old therapy, complications. Be honest with the client.
  • Encourage clients to provide verbal feedback and correct misconceptions about the disease.
  • Review client / family about the importance of optimal nutrition status.
  • Encourage clients to assess the oral mucous membranes regularly, note the presence of erythema, ulceration.
  • Encourage clients to maintain the cleanliness of the skin and hair.
Rational:
  • Avoid duplication and repetition of the client's knowledge.
  • Lets do justification to errors as well as errors of perception and conception of understanding.
  • Assist the client in understanding the disease process.
  • Assist clients and families in making treatment decisions.
  • Knowing the extent of understanding the client and client's family about the disease.
  • Increasing knowledge of the client and family regarding adequate nutrition.
  • Reviewing the development of the processes of healing and signs of infection and problems with oral health can affect the intake of food and beverages.
  • Improving the integrity of the skin and head.

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