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Rabu, 07 Desember 2011

Urethral Stricture Nursing Diagnosis , Interventions, Implementation and Evaluation

Nursing Diagnosis 1.

Impaired Urinary Elimination related to postoperative cystostomy

Goal :
No interference elimination urinary elimination pattern

Nursing Interventions :
1) Monitoring of urine output and characteristics.
Rational: Detecting bladder elimination disorders at an early stage.
2) Maintain a constant bladder irrigation for 24 hours.
Rationale: Prevents blood clots obstruct the flow of urine.
3) Maintain the catheter with irrigation.
Rationale: Prevents blood clots clogging the catheter.
4) Pursue fluid intake (2500-3000).
Rational: Smooth flow of urine.
5) Once the catheter is removed, continue to monitor the symptoms of impaired bladder elimination patterns
Rational: Detecting early bladder elimination disorders.


Nursing Diagnosis 2.

Impaired sense of comfort: Pain related to postoperative cystostomy.

Goal:
Patient said, feeling more comfortable.

Nursing Interventions :
1) Extension to the patient not to urinate all around the catheter.
Rational: Reduce the possibility spasmus.
2) Monitoring of patients at regular intervals for 24 hours, to recognize early symptoms of bladder spasmus.
Rationale: Determining the presence spasmus bladder so that medications can be given.
3) Providing ordered drugs (analgesic, antispasmodic).
Rationale: Symptoms disappeared.
4) Tell the patient that the intensity and frequency will be reduced within 24 hours to 28 hours.
Rational: Inform patients that the discomfort is only temporary.


Nursing Diagnosis 3.

Risk for infection, hemorrhage related to surgery.

Goal:
No infection, bleeding is minimal.

Nursing Interventions :
1) Monitoring of vital signs, reported symptoms of shock and fever.
Rationale: Prevents before the shock.
2) Monitoring of fresh red blood urine color, not dark red just a few hours after surgery.
Rational: The color changed from red fresh urine becomes dark red on days 2 and 3 after surgery.
3) Guidance to patients in order to prevent the Valsalva maneuver.
Rational: Can be irritating, prostate bleeding in early postoperative period due to the pressure.
4) Prevent the use of a rectal thermometer, rectal examination at least 1 week.
Rational: It can cause bleeding.
5) Maintain aseptic technique of urine drainage systems, irrigation, if necessary alone.
Rationale: Minimizing the risk of entry of germs that can cause infection.
6) Pursue intake that much.
Rational: May decrease the risk of infection.


Nursing Implementation for Urethral Stricture

Implementation is the embodiment of the nursing intervention, which includes the actions planned by the nurse. In implementing the nursing process should be collaboration with other health team, family and clients with the clients, which include three things: Implement nursing actions by observing the code of ethics with standard practices and resources available.
Identify the client's response.
Documenting / evaluating the implementation of nursing actions and patient response.
Factors to consider:
Client's needs.
The basis of the action.
Individual capabilities and expertise / skills of nurses.
The sources of his own family and clients.


Nursing Evaluation for Urethral Stricture

Evaluation is a measurement of the success of nursing intervention in meeting client needs. Evaluation phase is the key to success in using the nursing process. Postoperative Evaluation of clients with urethral strictures, which fitted with a catheter still be performed based on the criteria previously set goals and nursing care is successful if the criteria in the evaluation of visible achievement of the goals of care provided.

Nursing Care Plan for Urethral Stricture

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Nursing Care Plan for Urethral Stricture

Nursing Care Plan for Urethral Stricture


Definition of Urethral Stricture

A urethral stricture is a narrowing of a section of the urethra. It causes a blocked or reduced flow of urine which can lead to complications.


Symptoms and signs

Symptoms of urethral stricture is a typical small stream of urine and branched irritation and other symptoms of infection such as frequency, urgency, dysuria, sometimes with infiltrates, abces and fistula. Symptoms are retained urine.


Physical Examination

Anamnese

To find the absence of symptoms and signs of urethral stricture also to look for causes of urethral stricture.

General and local examination

To check on the patient also to change in urethral fibrosis, infiltrates, abscesses or fistulas.

Examination Support

Laboratory: urea, creatinine, to see the renal physiology. Radiological Diagnosis must be made with urethrography. Retrograde urethrography to see the anterior urethra. Antegrade urethrography to see the posterior urethra. Bipoler urethrography is a combination of antegrade and retrograde urethrography examinations. With this examination can be expected in addition to the diagnosis of urethral strictures can be also determined the length of urethral stricture are important for therapy planning / operations.


Basic Concepts of Nursing Care

In nursing care is carried out by using the nursing process. The nursing process is a form of dynamic problem-solving process in an effort to improve and maintain optimal patient through a systematic approach to help patients. Nursing theories and concepts are implemented in an integrated manner in which organized phases which include:

Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Interventions, Implementation, Evaluation.

1. Assessment

Assessment of clients with urological disorders including data collection and data analysis. In data collection, sources of client data obtained from the client's own self, family, nurse, physician or from medical records.

Data collection include:
Biodata client and the client responsible. Biodata clients consist of the name, age, gender, education, occupation, status, religion, address, date of hospital admission, register number, and medical diagnostics.

Past medical history will provide information about health or disease of the past who have suffered in the past.

Physical Examination
Done by inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation of the body's system, it will be found to any of the following: general state of the client postoperative urethral stricture should be viewed in terms of: a state generally include appearance, awareness, style of speech. On postoperative urethral stricture impaired bladder elimination patterns that do permanent catheter.

Respiratory system
Needs to be studied starting from the nose shape, presence or absence of pain in the nostrils, the movement of the nostrils during breathing, symmetry chest movement during breathing, auscultation of breath sounds and respiratory problems that arise. Is it clean or there Ronchi, as well as the frequency of breath. This is important because it affects the development of immobilization and mobilization of pulmonary secretions in the airway.

Cardiovascular system
Began to be studied conjunctival color, lip color, presence or absence of elevation of the jugular vein can be assessed by auscultation of heart sounds in the chest and the measurement of blood pressure by palpation of the pulse frequency can be calculated.

Digestive System
That were examined include the state of teeth, lips, tongue, appetite, intestinal peristalsis, and bowel movements. The purpose of this assessment to find out early deviations in this system.

Genitourinary system
Can be assessed from the presence or absence of swelling and pain in the waist area, observation and palpation of the lower abdominal area to determine the presence of urinary retention and review of the state of genitourinary tools shape the outside of the presence or absence of tenderness and lumps and how spending urine, smooth or there painful micturition time, and how the color of urine.

Musculoskeletal system
What needs to be studied on this system Range of Motion is the degree of movement joints from head to lower limbs, discomfort or pain were reported when the client moves, the tolerance time clients move and observation of injuries to the muscles must be studied as well, because the client usually immobility tonus and decreased muscle strength.

Integumentary System
What needs to be studied is the state of skin, hair and nails, skin examination include: texture, moisture, turgor, color and function of touch.

Neurosensori System
Studied is consistent Neurosensori cerebral function, cranial nerve function, sensory function and reflex function.

The pattern of daily activities
The pattern of daily activities on clients who experience post op urethral strictures include the frequency of meals, food types, portion sizes, types and quantity of drinking and elimination that includes defecation (frequency, color, consistency) and urination (frequency, number of urine that come out every day and the color of urine). Personal hygiene (frequency of bathing, washing hair, brushing teeth, changing clothes, combing hair and nails). Sports (frequency and type) and recreation (frequency and recreation).


Urethral Stricture Nursing Diagnosis, Interventions, Implementation and Evaluation

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